Need help with following microbiology question When oxygen i

Need help with following microbiology question;

When oxygen is not present, some types of bacteria use other electron acceptors for respiration. Describe how the \"electro-tower / redox tower\" can be used to assess the possible energy yield of alternative electron acceptors (compared to the use of oxygen).

Solution

Bacteria in the absence of oxygen uses anaerobic respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen. In spite of oxygen being absent the respiratory electron transport chain is carried out called as physolmere. This is called as respiration without oxygen.

In the aerobic respiration, the electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain in which final electron acceptor is oxygen. While in the anaerobic respiration, less oxidising substances such as sulphate, nitrate, sulphur or fumarate are used as terminal electron acceptors having smaller reduction potentials than oxygen. During anaerobic respiration, less energy is released per oxidised molecule so in general, it is energetically less efficient than aerobic respiration