A The development of the has allowed us to study cells and t

A. The development of the has allowed us to study cells and their processes 1. T a. Resolution is the ability ofamicroscope to show two objects as separate Magnification is how much larger an object appears compared to its actual size a Light microscopes are the kind we use in lab. They function by having visible light pass through an object, and then glass lenses enlarge the object. b. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons. They have better resolving and magnification capabilities that allow us to see organelles and their parts. 3. Cell Theory states that all living things & come from other cells. This theory developed as a result of contributions of 5 people van Leeuwenhoek- 1 microscope in the 17 century b. Robert Hooke was the first person to use the term cell to describe the basic structure of living organisms. When observing cork he noticed that it was full of small room like structures. These structures resembled the cells that monks lived in thus he coined the term cell in relationship Schleiden-plants are composed ofcells to living organisms. d Schwann-animals are composed of cells e. Virchow-cells don\'t just appear they come from preexisting cells. B. Two major classes of cells. which is coiled in region where the nuc leus would be if the cell had a nucleus. This group includes the archaea and bacteria have a true nucleus which is bordered by a double membrane called the nuclear enve lop. This group includes the protists, fungi, plants, and animals collectively known as the Eukarya. Characteristics of eukaryot ic cells A. Cytoplasm is the space in a cell between the It contains organelles within a fluid called B. Membrane Structure and Function 1. The serves as the border of the cell. Its unique structure allows it to regulate what enters and exits a cell, for this reason it is oft called the gate keeper 2. Membrane Structure pecialized lipids known as make up most of the membrane. These structures have a or water loving head that is made of a phosphate group and two x I N

Solution

1. Developmet of microscope enabled the study of cells. Microscopes are two types light or compound microscope and electronic microscope.

2. In a compound light microscope the high power objective lens comes close to the specimen to magnify the image. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depends on the electron beam of short wavelength to illuminate the internal structures of microorganisms. The electron beam penetrates into the specimen and magnifies 1nm object up to 500,000X. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the specimen is coated with a thin layer of heavy metal like gold or palladium. The narrow beam of electrons probe back and forth of the metal coated specimen. The secondary electrons that are scattered back give the image of the specimen which is displayed on the screen.

3. According to cell theory living things are composed of one or more cells. Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) is considered as “Father of Microbiology”. He was the first person to observe the microbial organisms under microscopes. He used to construct different kinds of lenses through which he used to observe water from a ditch and scrapings of his teeth etc and observed numerous microorganisms in them. He communicated his findings to Royal Society of London.

Robert hook observed the cork and coined the term cell. Rudolf Virchow proposed the theory of biogenesis in 1858 which explains that the formation of life from preexisting life. Cell theory proposed by Schleiden and Schwann states that living things are composed of one or more cells and have formed spontaneously. Spontaneous generation theory explains about the sudden existence of life from nonliving objects. It is also known as the theory of abiogenesis which has been later disproved by Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall.

Two major types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles. They are smaller and microscopic in structure. They contain a naked DNA i the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have true nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles. The DNA is enclosed within a nucleus.