Compare and contrast how carbohydrates proteins and fats are

Compare and contrast how carbohydrates, proteins and fats are metabolized during pregnancy versus the non-pregnant state. For each macronutrient, explain HOW and WHY these changes occur and what effect they have on the mother and the baby.

Solution

CARBOHYDRATES

Because glucose is a primary energy source of fetoplacental tissues, for the fetal nutrient requirements in normal pregnancy and in gestational diabetes mellitus, the increase in nutrient stimulated insulin results better than in glucose tolerance, consistent with progressive insulin resistance. The action of insulin has proved that the hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic glucose clamp technique and introvenous glucose tolerance test have given best results when tested on the pregnant women than the non-pregnant women because it lowers the action of insulin by 50-70%. Moreover with the increased rate of glucose content ,an increased contribution of carbohydrate to oxidative in pregnant ladies than the non-pregnanat ones.

PROTEIN

The content of protein is very essential for fetal growth and should be sustained by the active transfer of amino acids from maternal period. The pregnant women should include all the dietary proteins,which will satisfy all the requirements for the fetal growth.

While,after fasting,the decrease of plasma amino acids in the pregnant women is faster than that of non-pregnant women.

FATS

During normal pregnancy the requirement of fat deposits and maternal hyperlipidemia are characterstics features of normal pregnancy. Essential fat are needed for further develpoment and must obtained from maternal circulation. While in non-pregnant women fat sometimes helps as energy.