Question II West Nile virus WNV is a neurotropic enveloped p

Question II. West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic, enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae that has emerged globally as a significant cause of viral encephalitis in humans. The adaptor ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain [CARD]) contributes to innate immunity through the assembly of inflammasome complexes that activate the cysteine protease caspase-1 needed for the processing and release of interleukin 1 (IL-1). Researchers found that ASC-deficient mice (ASC/ mice) exhibited increased susceptibility to WNV infection, and their reduced survival was associated with enhanced virus replication in the peripheral tissues and central nervous system (CNS). ASC/ mice exhibited attenuated levels of proinflammatory cytokines (particularly IL-1) in the serum. Intriguingly, infected ASC/ mice also displayed reduced levels of alpha interferon (IFN-) and IgM in the serum. However, brains from ASC/ mice displayed unrestrained inflammation, including elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These results imply that [complete the sentence and (based on your immunology knowledge) assess the resulting statements (41-46) as either factually correct (= “true”) or incorrect (= “false”)]:

41. the role of the adaptor ASC in the production of proinflammatory cytokines is basically the same throughout all tissues.

42. the role of the adaptor ASC in the production of proinflammatory cytokines may be different in different tissues.

43. the adaptor ASC has a protective role in restricting WNV infection in mice.

44. the adaptor ASC has a protective role in restricting WNV infection in humans.

45. the adaptor ASC may exacerbate WNV infections in mice.

46. the adaptor ASC may exacerbate WNV infections in humans.

Solution

41.flase

adaptor ASC in the production of proinflammatory cytokines may be different in different tissues.

42.correct

producation of proinflammatory cytokines may be different in brain and immune cells of CNS

43. correct

infected ASC-/- mice shown protective role in restricting WNV infection in mice

44.false

not observed in humans

45.correct

46.correct

45, 46 both statement are correct ASC may exacerrbate WNV infections in mice and humans