Innate immune response and signaling 2 What pathways and tra

Innate immune response and signaling.

2) What pathways and transcription factors are activated by PRR?

Solution

2). Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are expressed by the cells of innate immune response. These receptors can identify two types of components released during the damage of cell or cell death namely pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The receptors are evolved before the evolution of complete immune system especially before the evolution of adaptive immunity, so these are also known as primitive pattern recognition receptors.

Toll like receptors are one type of PRRs, which are associate in the recognition of pathogen, associated molecular patterns. Single stranded RNA is a ligand of TLR 7 and TLR 8. These receptors are initially identified in Drosophila, they are also found in mammals. Toll like receptors trigger the production and release of cytokines and also activate other host defence responses associated with innate and adaptive immune response.

The inflammatory stimulus (for example inflammation produced in Gout disease) or pathogen’s endotoxin stimulus acts on these PRR and result in the production of mature and active IL-1 (innate immune system activation).