Published reports of statistical analyses are often very ter

Published reports of statistical analyses are often very terse. A knowledge of basic statistics helps you decode what you read. In a study of the presence of whelks (a type of sea snail) along the Pacific coast investigators put down a frame that covered 0.25 square meter and counted the whelks on die sea bottom inside the frame. They did this at 7 locations off the coast of California and at 6 locations off the coast of Oregon. The report says that whelk densities \"were twice as high in Oregon as in California (mean plusminus SEM, 27.7 plusminus 1.55 versus 12.7 plusminus 2.65 whelks per 0.25 m^2. Oregon versus California, respectively, Students t test P

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