Phychology Questions 1 Jessica smiles at the cute guy sittin

Phychology Questions.

1. Jessica smiles at the cute guy sitting next to her every time he looks in her dierection. When he begins to talk to her, she maintains eye contact, smiles, and laughs frequently. Jessica has infulenced the behavior of her companion using what operant process?
a. Negative Reinforcement
b. Response cost
c. Positive reinforcement
d. PUnishment

2. At the beginning of the semester, your psychology instructor frequently responds to you when you raise your hand. As the semester progresses, your instrctor stops calling on you. As a result, you stop raising your hand. This change in your behaivor due to the removal of reinforcement is calld:
   a .extinction.
   b. desentizaiton. (what is desensitization? please explain me!!)
c. Negative reinforcement
   d. Positive reinforcement

3. In Pavlov\'s experimentsm the meat powder (food) he placed on the dog\'s tongue acted as:
   a. unconditioned stimulus (US)
   b. conditioned stimulus (CS)
   c. unconditioned response (UR)
   d. conditioned response (CR)

4. In a simple laboratory experiment, you apply a puff of air to your partner\'s eye, causing her to blink. You pair this puff of air with a buzzer, and soon your partner blinks whenver she hears the buzzer. In this experiment,the buzzer server as a(n):
   a. unconditioned stimulus (US)
   b. conditioned stimulus (CS)
   c. unconditioned response (UR)
   d. conditioned response (CR)

5. John B. Watson conditioned an infant, named Little Albert, to fear a whaite rat. He did this by repeatedly pairing the white rat with a loud, frightening noise. In this instance, Albert\'s fear of the rat was a:
   a. unconditioned stimulus (US)
   b. conditioned stimulus (CS)
   c. unconditioned response (UR)
   d. conditioned response (CR)

6. You take your friend to an opera to thank her for helping your with your homework. Now, she no longer wants to help you. In this case, taking your friend to the opera functioned as:
   a. Positive reinforcement
   b. Negative reinforcement
   c. Punishment
   d. None of the above.

Please Help Me!! Thank you.

Solution

1. c.Positive reinforcement

Positive reinforcement strengthens a response by presenting something pleasant after the response.Negative reinforcement strengthens a response by reducing or removing something unpleasant.

As she is reacting pleasantly without any hesitation and the other person is also seeing her repeatedly reacting in a positive way ,it is positive reinforcement.

2.a extinction

It occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced,and as a result,the behavior decreases and stops occurring.If a behaviour is no longer followed by a reinforcing consequence,the person will stop engaging in the behaviour.

Desensitization is defined as the diminished emotional responsiveness to a negative or aversive stimulus after repeated exposure to it.It also occurs when an emotional response is repeatedly evoked in situations in which the action tendency that is associated with the emotion proves irrelevant or unnecessary.

3. a. unconditioned stimulus (US)-a stimulus that is innately capable of producing the response.

4.b. conditioned stimulus (CS)

5.d conditioned response

6.negative reinforcement