Below is a list of bone tissue features that serve an obviou

Below is a list of bone tissue features that serve an obvious purpose (structure/function relationships!). On the quiz, you will be asked to identify features from this list that serve common purposes (to be revealed on the quiz); three different purposes in three different questions. Prepare for the quiz by identifying the functionality of these structures below (they may not all be relevant to the questions asked). Spongy bone trabeculae Compact bone central canals Periosteum Fibers Nutrient foramen Collagen coils Osteoclast ruffled border Osteocyte gap junctions Receptors for PTH Diaphysis on long bones What kind of growth or developmental process involves osteoblasts lining blood vessels? What kind of growth or developmental process primarily involves osteoblasts working just below (deep to) the periosteum? What causes the epiphyseal plate to close (the immediate process, not co-occurring things)? A clarifying point: the growth plate is maintained throughout bone elongation because chondrocytes keep multiplying: cartilage continues to grow. Osteoclasts remove soft bone, chondrocytes multiply, and osteoblasts calcify all while a bone is growing. Calcitonin: Decrease blood calcium:: Parathyroid hormone: blood calcium What are the functions of the skeletal system? You will be given a list and asked to identify which one is NOT true Compact bone covers all spongy bone. True/False? (fast) J What hormone would you expect to be high in patients with an inability to transform cholesterol into vitamin D?

Solution

For question 1-3, the questions have not been given, please verify.

4) The growth or developmental process involving osteoblasts lining blood vessels is intramembraneous bone formation. Intramembraneous bone formation (ossification) results in formation of flat bones of the skull or mandible.

5) Endochronal bone formation is the process that primarily involves osteoblasts below the periosteum. Endochronal ossification consists of formation of many bones of the body and causes replacement of cartilage with bone.

6) The epiphyseal plate is present at the tip of long bones. The cells that make up this bone continually divide during development as a result of mitosis. Once the body reaches maturity, the cells solidify (ossify) and thus the progression terminates. This results in the closure of the epiphyseal plate.

7) Calcitonin : Decrease blood calcium :: Parathyroid hormone : Increase blood calcium. When calcium is less in the blood, the parathyroid glands secrete more parathyroid hormone (PTH) which inturn increases the calcium levels in the blood.

8) The list is not provided as mentioned in the question. However, some of the functions of the skeletal system are as follows:

a) Shape: It gives the body proper shape along with determining the height and size of hands, feet,etc.

b) Support: Along with shape, it gives support to body parts, keeping the internal organs in proper place.

c) Movement: The skeletal system alongwith the muscular system works and helps in movement and stability of the body.

d) Protection: Protects internal organs from damage by covering them.

e) Blood cell production: Responsible for red and white blood cells production.

9) True. Spongy bone is situated in the interior of the compact bone. Thus, the statement is true. However, please note the cortical bone ends in spongy bone.

10) In patients with an inability to tranform cholesterol into vitamin D, we would expect the PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) to be high.