Prelim Research the commands tracert and ping commands to de

Prelim: Research the commands “tracert” and “ping” commands to determine : Answer the following questions: 1. Are they “active” or “passive” measurements? Why? 2. What does “tracert” do? (step by step) 3. What does “ping” do? (step by step)

Solution

2.Ans

Use a command line utility like tracert to or ping to see if that IP address responds. Most computers will NOT reply to a ping but tracert works on numerous networks at least up until the gateway.

In computing, traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route (path); the sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. Traceroute proceeds unless all (three) sent packets are lost more than twice, then the connection is lost and the route cannot be evaluated. Ping, on the other hand, only computes the final round-trip times from the destination point.

The traceroute command is available on a number of modern operating systems. On Apple macOS, it is available by opening \"Network Utilities\" and selecting \"Traceroute\" tab, as well as by typing the \"traceroute\" command in the terminal. On other Unix systems,

1.Ans

The term passive measurement refers to the process of measuring a network, without creating or modifying any traffic on the network. This is in contrast to active measurement, in which specific packets are introduced into the network, and these packets are timed as they travel through the network being measured.

Passive measurement can provide a detailed set of information about the one point in the network that is being measured. Examples of the information passive measurements can provide are:

Traffic / protocol mixes
Accurate bit or packet rates
Packet timing / inter-arrival timing
Passive measurement can also provides a means of debugging a network application, by providing a user with the entire packet contents, as seen on the network.
Active systems provide very little information about a single point of a network. They instead provide a representation of the characteristics of the entire network path between two hosts. Active systems can provide such indications of a networks performance as:

Packet round trip time (RTT)
Average packet loss
Connection bandwidth
Some active systems can also give indications of the following:
Asymmetric delay times
Alterations in routing paths between hosts