Define engineering failure Give two examples of the followin

Define engineering failure. Give two examples of the following: a) Designing to avoid failure and b) Designing to achieve failure. Name the two types of failure design methods. Describe the differences between these methods and list the pluses/minuses of each. What are the two types of deterministic failure methods and which type is applied to which type of material? What are typical factors of safety for Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering? Explain why the factors of safety are different for each type of engineering/application.

Solution

1. Engineering Failure

For the prposes of this document an engineered system fails when it stops working. A failure shuld not be mistaken for a malfunction in which cases the system may work properly next tme yo turn it on. As far as malfunctions are concened thogh one should alsop recognised that malfunction are concerned though one should also recognise that

[ Malfunction + Loss of opportunity ] = Failure even if the system does work properly next time its used.

a) Design to aviod Failure

Build reduancy into design. To what extent is a function of the cost of a failure. An example would be FAA regulations. Which allow for no single - point total failures. Reduancy is also a function of reliability needed from the engineered system and availbility of spares.

b) Design to acheive failure

This cubject comes up perodically in discussions among engineers and almost constantly among software engineers. The short answer for most engineered system is YES for software - governed system safety is most likely to be ensured by some combinations of the following actions depending of need.