Describe how the bodys major organ systems work together to

Describe how the body\'s major organ systems work together to get glucose from the digestive system to the muscle cells of the leg. What other body systems are necessary for the muscle cell to make use of the glucose by producing energy such that it does not tire? How does malnutrition affect the function of the digestive system and why does malnutrition result in a vicious cycle? The microvilli of the small intestine break down and are not easily repaired if the diet lacks carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, or protein. Describe any 2 harmful, short-term and 2 harmful, long-term effects of chronic, excessive alcohol use.

Solution

Thanks for the question

Answer to part 5a is as follows

Mouth

Where food enters the alimentary canal and digestion begins

Salivary glands

Produce saliva containing amylase

Oesophagus

Muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach

Stomach

Muscular organ where digestion continues

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes

Liver

Produces bile

Gall bladder

Stores bile before releasing it into the duodenum

Small intestine - duodenum

Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile

Small intestine - ileum

Where digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymph

Large intestine - colon

Where water is reabsorbed

Large intestine - rectum

Where faeces are stored

Large intestine -

Where faeces leave the alimentary canal through stools.

Thus from the small intestine, glucose absorbed from food is transported to the muscles.

The answer to 5b is as follows

Glycolysis is the  reaction which produces two molecules of ATP through the conversion of glucose into pyruvate, water, and NADH in the absence of oxygen. The glucose for glycolysis can be provided by the blood supply, but is more often converted from glycogen in the fibers of the muscle. When  there is intense exercise that has outstripped the rate of ATP replacement it results in muscle fatigue. Therefore if the muscle is not to tire, ATP should be continously supplied by glycolysis.

Regards

Mouth	Where food enters the alimentary canal and digestion begins
Salivary glands	Produce saliva containing amylase
Oesophagus	Muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach
Stomach	Muscular organ where digestion continues
Pancreas	Produces digestive enzymes
Liver	Produces bile
Gall bladder	Stores bile before releasing it into the duodenum
Small intestine - duodenum	Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile
Small intestine - ileum	Where digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymph
Large intestine - colon	Where water is reabsorbed
Large intestine - rectum	Where faeces are stored
Large intestine -	Where faeces leave the alimentary canal through stools.