Chapter 11 Managing Know 459 What\'s Up with IBM\'s Watson? CASE STUDY n February, 2011 an IBM computer named Watson made history by handily defeating the most decorated champions of the game answering questions over time. Watson also learns another way - the team gave Watson thousands of show Jeopardy, Ken Jennings and old Jeopardy questions to process. Watson analyzed Brad Ratter. both questions and answers to determine pattet mis old ae was named after IBM\'s founder, Thomas J Watson, and its achievement marked a milestone in the ability of computers to process and interpret Watson similarities between clues, and using these patterns, it assigns varying degrees of confidence to human language answers it gives IBM had been working on Watson for years. The answer a small fraction of the questions it was project\'s goal was to develop a more effective set initially given, of techniques that computers can use to process natural language language that human beings instinctively use, not language specially formatted refer to Watson\'s ablity to to be understood by computers. Watson had to be able to register the intent of a question, search through millions of lines of text and data, pick up nuances of meaning and context, and rank potential responses for a user to than three seconds Although Watson was only able to correctly machine learning allowed the system to continue to improve until it reached Jeopardy champion level. IBM term cognitive computing to interpret speech and text rapidly mine large volumes of data, answer ques- tions, draw conclusions, and learn from its mistakes The Watson version used in Jeopardy took 20 IBM engineers three years to build at an $18 million labor cost, and an estimated $1 million in equipment. IBM saw the investment as a stepping stone to broader commercial uses of its Al technology, including applications for health care, financial services, or any industry where sifting through large amounts of data (including unstructured data) to answer questions is important. Watson is expected to become more useful and powerful by learning from new sets of experts in new fields of knowledge. In January 2014 the company created a new division, the Watson Business Group, which will have 2500 employees working largely in New York City\'s Silicon Alley. IBM has invested more than $1 billion in this Group, and select, all in less The hardware for Watson used in Jeopardy consisted of 10 racks of IBM POWER 750 servers running Linux, with 15 terabytes of RAM and 2,880 processor cores (equivalent to 6,000 top-end home computers), and operated at 80 teraflops. Watson needed this amount of power to quickly scan its enormous database of information, including infor- mation from the Internet. To prepare for Jeopardy the IBM researchers downloaded over 10 million documents, including encyclopedias and Wikipedia, the Internet Movie Database (IMDB), and the entire archive of The New York Times. All of the data sat in has allocated one-third of its overall research efforts atson\'s primary memory, as opposed to a In September 2011, WellPoint Inc., the largest U.S health care provider, with 34.2 million members, slower hard drive, so that Watson could find the data needed within three seconds enlisted Watson for utilization management. The WellPoint Interactive Care Reviewer application is designed to determine if physicians\' requested treatment meets the guidelines of the company and Watson is able to learn from its mistakes as well as its successes. To solve a typical problem, Watson tries programmed it to use. The algorithms evaluate about the important people and places mentioned in many of the thousands of algorithms that the team has a patient\'s insurance policy. The Watson WellPoint the language used in each clue, gather information application combines data from three sources: clue, and generate hundreds of solutions. Humanpatient\'s chart and electronic beings don\'t need to take such a formal approach to by a physician or hospital, the insurance generate the solutions that fit a question best, but l electronic records maintained isurance company\'s history of medicines and treatments, and Watson\'s Watson compensates for this with superior computhuge library of textbooks and medical journals According to WellPoint vice president Elizabeth power and speed. If a certain algorithm works to solve a problem, Watson remembers what type of question it was and the algorithm it used to get Bingham, Watson initially took too long to \"learn WellPoint\'s policies. IBM was able to improve the system by revising the Watson training routine for right answer. In this way, Watson improves at
There are various types of information that drives decision.
The fact based decisions are depicted by charts,graphs,tables and maps.They represent the facts on whether the organization is doing a profit or loss.The pie charts and graphs show us the curve which depict the real facts on the situation of the company.The engineers use fact based decisions to implement a software which they get from the software designers.These fact based data help the employees to design a product depending on user\'s demand.
The ethics based decisions are depicted by the role of conduct in an organization and seeing whether the employees are following the rght code of conduct and are working in a friendly manner without any jealosy.The jealous nature of employees and the promotion of one employee over another depicts the ethics based decisions as it shows whether other employees are supportive or against.
The emotional decisions are very important.It affects human behavior. The example includes neuro-imagery which shows that when evaluating brands, consumers primarily use emotions which are personal feelings and then decide whether to buy a product or not.Apositive emotion towards a brand helps the business to grow.
The belief bases decisons are taken into an account by asking others their opinion about the same rpoduct.This can be done in the form of a debate or a meeting where a previous owner can tell his or her own views about the business. The positive belief can help the business to grow.
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