Complete the following vocabulary exercise elated to the pro

Complete the following vocabulary exercise (elated to the process of translation of mRNA to protein by the ribosome. Match the words in the left hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right hand column.

Solution

1. Initiation of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA.

-It is the first step in translation wherein identification of the start point on the mRNA happens. Since the genetic code is \'comma-less\', this initiation codon determines the reading frame (dividing the RNA into a non-overlapping triplet codons).

2. The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA is called tRNA.

- tRNA or transfer RNA reads the codon from the 5\' end to the 3\' end of mRNA. Each tRNA has a set of three nucleotides (anticodon) which base pairs with a matching mRNA codon. The amino acid specified by the codon of mRNA is carried at the other end of the tRNA.

3. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the binding between tRNAs and the corresponding amino acid that is specified by the anticodon. The product of this reaction is known an aminoacyl-tRNA.

4. The process performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called translation.

- Translation is required for expression of a gene. This step involves synthesis of protein following transcription of DNA to RNA in the nucleus of the cell. Translation occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation and termination.

5. Termination of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA.

- The end of translation procedure is called termination. Termination occurs when a stop codon in the mRNA (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is encountered by the ribosome.