Which methods can be used to identify the unknown transactin

Which method(s) can be used to identify the unknown trans-acting factors that bind to cis-regulatory regions of DNA?

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Solution

Cis regulatory regions of DNA control gene expression. The promoter and enhancer of the cis regulatory region plays a role in gene expression. Trans acting elements are mostly proteins. These proteinous trans-acting elements bind to the cis-acting regions to control gene expression. Mostly these trans-acting elements are the subunits of the RNA polymerases. Gel retardation assay is useful in finding the trans-acting factor that bind to the cis-region. This gel retardation assay findout the transacting factor which shows slower mobility because it has been bound to the cis-regulatory regions of DNA which is compared with the naked trans-acting factor. EMSA (Electromobility shift assays) are very helpful in finding specific trans-acting proteins which have been bound to cis-acting elements.