Disorders that result from excessive or inadequate productio

Disorders that result from excessive or inadequate production of hormones

Solution

Endocrine system organises various body functions by its hormonal secretions. Hormone is a chemical messenger secreted from an “endocrine gland” (ductless glands) which is transported to a distant site from its origin, where it produces its action (paracrine action). The major endocrine glands are hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas (pancreatic Islets), pineal gland and parathyroid gland.

Diseases associated with the hypersecretion and hyposecretion of some of the endocrine glands are given below:

Name of thyroid gland

Hyposecretion

Hypersecretion

Insulin

Diabetes mellitus

Gypoglycemia

Vasopressin

Diabetes insipidus

Edema and fluid retention

Thyroid

Hypothyroidism (thyroid enlargement, goiter)

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease, toxic goiter)

Adrenal Glucocorticoids

Addison’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

Adrenal medullary hormones

Low blood pressure and cardiac insufficiency

High blood pressure

Growth hormone

Dwarfism

Gigantism

FSH and LH

Infertility

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