1 A researcher reports in a mainstream educational research

1. A researcher reports in a mainstream educational research journal that the statistic she calculated had a p >.05. What does this statement mean?

a. The probability of this outcome or one more extreme is less than .05

b. The outcome was very unlikely assuming the null is true

c. The research finding is not statistically significant

d. The research finding is statistically significant

2. If you claim that your evidence suggests that the observed result was not due to chance, what are you doing?

a. You are claimingthat finding was due to sampling error

b. You are claiming that your finding is statistically significant

c. You are claiming that your finding is practically significant

d. You are claiming that your finding must be theoretically important

3. What type of error would you make if you failed to reject a false null hypothesis (i.e., a false negative)?

a. Type I

b. Type II

4. What type of error would you make if you rejected a true null hypothesis (i.e., a false positive)?

a. Type I

b. Type II

5. Assume that the null hypothesis says a person is \"innocent.\" What is the problem when a guilty person is found to be innocent?

a. A Type II error was made

b. A Type I error was made

6. Assume that the null hypothesis says a person is \"innocent.\" What is the problem when an innocent person is found guilty?

a. A Type II error was made

b. A Type I error was made

7. How can you minimize the risk of both Type I and Type II errors?

a. Use a smaller relationship

b. Use a smaller alpha level

c. Increase the sample size

d. Decrease the sample size

8. Which of the following is not an effect size indicator?

a. Omega squared

b. Probability value

c. Correlation coefficient squared

d. Eta squared

9. What information does an effect size indicator provide?

a. It tells you the strength of statistical significance

b. It tells you if a result is statistically significant

c. It tells you the strength of the null hypothesis

d. It tells you how big of an effect is present

10. You can use the analysis of variance test for statistical significance when you have how many means to compare?

a. 2 or more means

b. 3 or more means

c. 4 or more means

11. Post hoc tests in the analysis of variance are generally required when which of the following is true?

a. When the independent variable has two levels

b. When the independent variable has one level

c. When the independent variable is quantitative

d. When the independent variable has three or more levels

12. If a research finding is statistically significant, what else should you determine?

a. The strength of significance

b. The alpha level

c. The practical significance

d. The probability value

13. A researcher is interested in doing a study comparing two different approaches to teaching spelling. One approach is phonics based, and the other is not. She randomly assigns 30 first grade children to the phonics-based approach and 30 children to the other approach. Her dependent variable is the number of words the child spells correctly on a 100 word spelling test. In order to compare the groups, what inferential test should she use?

a. Chi-square test for contingency tables

b. Partial correlation coefficient

c. Post hoc analysis of variance

d. t test for independent groups

14. Dr. Stevens wrote in her report that the findings for her study were statistically significant. What did she mean?

a. That the statistical analysis indicated that the null hypothesis will be completely inappropriate in all future studies.

b. That the results she observed from her research were most likely not due to chance.

c. That the results she observed from her research were most likely due to chance.

d. That the results of her research indicated that the alternate hypothesis was proven in this case.

Solution

1. c)

2. a)

3. b)

4. a)

5. a)

6. b)

7. b)

8. c)

9. a)

10. a)

11.a)

12. d)

13. d)

14. d)