one word page on Specifics and function and application of

one word page on Specifics and & function and application of nanomaterials in sectors such as medicine, Manufacturing, Materials, Energy and Electronics. Examples, and References

Solution

Specific Properties of Nanomaterials and their applcations:

The properties of nanomaterials vary significantly from their bulk material. these are mainly due to nanometer size which render them

which do not exist in the corresponding bulk materials. Due to their small dimensions, nanomaterials have extremely large surface area to volume ratio, resulting in more \"surface\" dependent material properties.

Optical Properties:

Bulk materials absorb electromagnetic radiation( say in visible region) but thin films of metals may partially transmit, just because there is insufficient material to absorb the radiation. By decreasing the size of a nanomaterial the band gap energy increases.

Ex: Gold nano films are partially transparent.

Applications: based on these properties nanomaterials find applications in optical detectors, laser, sensors, imaging, display, solar cells, photocatalysis, biomedicine etc

Magnetic properties:

Applications:

Electrical Properties:

Conductivity in bulk materials do not depend upon diameter or area of cross section and twist in wire, however in carbon nano tubes it was found that conductivity changes with change in area of cross section and also if small shear force(twist) is given to it.

Applications: An example of this is Quantum dots, these are nano particles of size 1-10 nm. This is smaller than carbon nano tube, these find application in Transistors, solar cells, LEDs, diode layers, second harmonic generation, quantum computing and medical imaging.

Mechanical Properties:

Bulk level steel is highly stronger than carbon (graphite) but at nano scale carbon is 100 times stronger than steel and very flexible. best example for this is carbon fibre that are generally used in high speed cars like F1 or sports cars.

Nano- Aluminium is used as solid fuel in rocket propulsion.

Other applications of nanomaterials: