How does cladistics differ from evolutionary systematics Onl

How does cladistics differ from evolutionary systematics? Only cladistics traces evolutionary relationships and constructs classifications that reflect these relationships. Only evolutionary systematics recognizes that organisms must be compared using specific characters. Only cladistics rigorously defines the kinds of homologies that yield the most useful information. Only cladistics uses homologous traits to trace evolutionary relationships. Why is the paleospecies concept more difficult to apply to organisms than the biological and the ecological species concepts? Because reproductive isolation cannot be studied directly. Because ecological distinctions are difficult to impossible in past environments. Because neither exclusive mating nor ecological niche separation are usually accessible in fossil specimens. Because homologous traits are rarely expressed in fossil specimens.

Solution

Please find the answers:

Answer 39: Choice D (the statement is incorrect. Both cladistics and evolutionary systematics rely upon homologous traits to trace evolutionary relationships between organisms. This is the basis of generation of a cladogram as well as assembly of information by evolutionary systematics)

Answer 40: Choice C (the concept of ecological species relies upon the behaviour of a species with respect to its environment, ecological niche and its interaction with other species. These observations and investigations can be easily made in contemporary species but are not possible to be analysed in fossilized species. This makes the paleospecies an unfavorable choice to study ecological species.)