A horizontal nozzle has diameters D1 8 inches and D2 4 inch

A horizontal nozzle has diameters D_1 =8 inches and D_2 = 4 inches. The gage pressure in the inlet (P_1) is 35 lb/in^2. The inlet velocity (V_1) is 18 ft/s and the exit velocity (V_2) is 72 ft/s. The jet discharges freely into the atmosphere. Assume incompressible steady ?ow. Write down a basic equation for conservation of momentum in the x direction. Show all forces and parameters on the sketch below Compute the horizontal force provided by the ?ange bolts to hold the nozzle in place. If the jet were aligned so the nozzle discharged vertically upward, how would the conservation of momentum equation you listed for change? Comment brie?y.

Solution

1. calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient between the water and the inner surface of the pipe.

2. what is the overall transfer coefficient U between the water and the ambient air based on the outer surface area A of the pipe.

3. consider the copper pipe as a heat exchanger, draw the temperature profiles of the water and air on the same graph.

4. carry out the calculations using the operating characteristic of a heat exchanger, and determine the number of transfer units N of the heat exchanger.

5. determine the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

6. determine the heat transfer rate from the water to the ambient air

7. find the temperature of the water at the exit of the pipe

8. what is the new exit temperature of the water, if the inlet temperature Th increases from 90 to 95 degree celcius