Give a short but meaningful answer to the following question

Give a short but meaningful answer to the following questions;

1. What is the role of fiber optic technology and cheaper digital electronics in modern telecommunications? [8 points].

2. Make the case for packet switching vs circuit switching in communication networks. In your answer make sure to address the following aspects (in addition to anything else you may consider) [9 points]

Supporting multiple users

Recovery from faults

Cost

3. Distinguish between the data rate and the throughput of a link. [4 points]

4. Describe each of the following delay types: [12 points]

transmission,

propagation,

queuing and

processing

Solution

Optical fibers and Digital electronics contain play a key role in making likely the extraordinary growth in world-wide infrastructure that has occur in the past years, in addition to are vital in enabling the proliferate use of the Internet.

The key significance in the course of these development in in order technology have been a few basic, but crucially major, events. Principal in the middle of these are the creation and progress of the laser, the growing admiration that this might make visual communications basically useful, the production of very pure glass, which was sufficiently see-through that long distance transmission of beam through glass fiber became matter-of-fact, and the digital revolution.

Digital electronics circuits are electronics that handle digital signal (discrete band of analog level) rather than by constant ranges as used in analog electronics. All level within a band of principles represents the equal information state. for the reason that of this discretization, relatively little changes to the analog sign levels due to manufacturing tolerance, signal decrease or noise do not leave the separate envelope, and as a result are ignored by indication state sense circuitry.

In most cases, the numeral of these state is two, and they are represent by two power bands one near a situation value (naturally termed as \"ground\" or zero volts), and the additional a value near the deliver voltage. These keep in touch to the false and true values of the Boolean domain respectively. Digital technique are useful because it is easier to get an electronic device to change into one of a quantity of well-known states than to truthfully reproduce a uninterrupted range of values.