1 When computers were first commercialized Todd found it to

1. When computers were first commercialized, Todd found it to be very confusing. He heard conflicting claims about which hardware to buy and about the various software systems available. He finally purchased something expensive, but found it to be unreliable. Very soon, Todd realized that companies had changed the models for the hardware and software they sold. This illustrates _____ phase of the technology evolution model described by Utterback and Abernathy.

A. Fluid

B. Specific

C. Dominant Design

D. Incremental

2. Pizza Stop has been expanding globally, due to which the cumulative output of employees has been increasing. In the context of learning effect, Pizza Stop will typically experience a(n):

A. Increase in Waste Rates

B. Decrease in the Perfomance Levels of the Employees

C. Increase in Direct Labor Hours require to product a unit of pizza

D. Decrease in Input Costs

3. Technological innovations increase:

A. The production costs of multiple product variations

B. Product Life cycles

C. The time required for product development and introduction

D. The gross domestic product of an economy

Solution

1.

D. Incremental

2.

D. Decrease in input costs

3.

C. The time required for product development and introduction