Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. During glycolysis, glucose molecules are broken down to yield CO_2 and H_2O. The cleavage of fructose 1, 6-bishophate yields two molecules of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate, Anaerobic respiration is not the same as fermentation, as only the former requires an electron-transport chain. When subjected to anaerobic conditions glycolysis in mammalian cells continues and causes a buildup of pyruvate in the cytosol. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes three different, but linked, enzymatic reactions. Amino acids can be transported into the mitochondria and converted into acetyl CoA. The reaction cycle that uses acetyl CoA to generate electron carrier molecules needed in the electron-transport chain is important for powering the cell. Which of the names below is not one of those commonly used to describe this cycle? tricarboxylic acid cycle Krebs cycle oxaloacetic acid cycle citric acid cycle Two molecules of CO_2 are produced after the completion of single citric acid reaction cycle. Where does the required oxygen come from? water phosphates molecular oxygen acetyl CoA Fatty acids can easily be used to generate energy for the cell. Which of the following fatty acids will yield more energy? Explain your answer. CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH=CH-COOH CH_3-CH_2=-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-COOH CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-COOH For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase may be used more than once. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that occurs in the _____ of mitochondria. It require an electron-transport chain that operates on the high-energy electrons taken from the activated carrier molecules _____ and _____ that are produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. These electrons are transferred through a series of molecules, and the energy released during these transfer is used to generate a gradient of _____ or _____. Because their concentration is much _____ outside than inside the mitochondria, the flow of _____, or _____, down the concentration gradient is energetically very _____ and can thus be coupled to the production of ATP from ADP. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation refers to the oxidation of _____ and _____ molecules and the phosphorylation of _____. Without this process, the yield of ATP from each glucose molecule would be _____ decreased.
13.25 (A) False
In glycolysis, glucose molecule is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Further oxidation of pyruvic acid yields carbon dioxide and water.
(B) True
Actually, cleavage of Froctose 1, 6 bisphosphate yields , one glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and one dihydroxyacetone phosphate. But the latter is unstable and gets converted to the former.
(C) True
(D) False
Under anaerobic conditions, mammalian cells convert pyruvate to lactate in a fermentation process. The lactate is subsequently excreted from the cell.
(E) True
(F) False
Acetyl Co A is formed by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid and further it enters mitochondria for Krebs cycle.
13.26 (C)
13.27 (C)
13.28. Bonds are not very clear to answer this question.
13.29 Inner membrane
NADH and FADH2
Proton or electron gradient
higher
protons or electrons
favorable
NADH and FADH2
ADP
highly
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