Suppose that each of the following Update operations is appl

Suppose that each of the following Update operations is applied directly to the database state shown in Figure 3.6. Discuss all integrity constraints violated by each operation, if any, and the different ways of enforcing these constraints
(a) Insert <‘Robert’, ‘F’, ‘Scott’, ‘943775543’, ‘1972-06-21’, ‘2365 Newcastle Rd,
Bellaire, TX’, M, 58000, ‘888665555’, 1> into EMPLOYEE.
(b) Insert <‘Production’, 4, ‘943775543’, ‘2007-10-01’> into DEPARTMENT.
(c) Insert <‘453453453’, ‘John’, ‘M’, ‘1990-12-12’, ‘spouse’> into DEPENDENT
(d) Delete the EMPLOYEE tuple with Ssn = ‘987654321’.
(e) Modify the Mgr_ssn and Mgr_start_date of the DEPARTMENT tuple with
Dnumber = 5 to ‘123456789’ and ‘2007-10-01’, respectively.
(f) Modify the Hours attribute of the WORKS_ON tuple with Essn =
‘999887777’ and Pno = 10 to ‘5.0’.

Solution

R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics inspired by Scheme.^[11] S was created by John Chambers while at Bell Labs. There are some important differences, but much of the code written for S runs unaltered.^[12]

R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman^[13] at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team, of which Chambers is a member. R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S.^[14] The project was conceived in 1992, with an initial version released in 1995 and a stable beta version in 2000