define two modes of speciation and provide examples of eachS

define two modes of speciation and provide examples of each

Solution

Speciation:

A species is a group of organisms capable of interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Speciation is a process of evolution in biological population. Speciation gives distinct population over time.

There are various mode of speciation as follows:

1.      Allopatric speciation: Any geographic, climatic or anthropogenic barriers in population split the population in two or more. These populations evolve in own way to accumulate mutations leads to genetic divergence.

Example: Isthmus of Panama

2.      Peripatric speciation: When a migrated population grow in a different ecology and adapts to that environment causes to form a sub-species is called Peripatric speciation speciation.

Examples: organisms at oceanic island

3.      Sympatric Speciation: When two or more species arises from a single parent species known as sympatric speciation within same geographic environment.

Example: Nicaragua crater lake cichlid fishes evolves by Sympatric Speciation.