which of the following approaches to science would not be ap

Solution

Emergent property is something which a collection or individual entities as a complex unit has but the individual unit doesnt have or is devoid of it. eg. sodium chloride is salty but Na i.e. sodium and Cl or chlorine are not salty, so salty nature of NaCl is an emergent property.

Rationalism regards to reasoning and logic as the chief premise on which the understanding is based on.

Reductionalism is basis for modern science and cell biology and chemistry. It is postulated that study of complex systems is done by reductionalism. Where in macroscopic properties are explained in terms of microscopic properties. It has its limitations when applied to sociobiology and psychology.

Deductive reasoning is used in science to reach a logical conclusion. It starts with a hypothesis or statement and looks into the possibility of a logical outcome. In science it\'s used to test hypothesis and theories. It predicts consequences. It will be applicable if the hypothesis is correct. A deductive reasoning may eventually frame as a strong reason to understand the complex emergent systems.

Inductive reasoning is where a set of observations are put together to understand the possible outcome. The observations help understand a pattern which leads to the result. Science uses both inductive and deductive reasoning to understand emergent properties.

Empiricism deals with knowledge that is proven and supported by experimental evidence. it has been termed as cornerstone of science but it may not be the only method. It has been widely used to decipher truth from many dimensions. It finds application in studying emerging properties. Emergence can be empirically detected.

Rationalism is that property which may not so far found ground in understanding the emergent properties.