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Solution

Answer 1:

In the process of transformation, the genetic material is taken up from the surrounding environment and inserted into the plasmid or chromosome of the host cell. The process has been used to genetically alter bacterial, plant, fungal and animal cells.

In bacterial transformation, the host is the bacterial cell. Through bacterial transformation, recombinant bacteria capable of producing hormones, degrading oil, etc. have been created. Though Agrobacterium has been used to transfer pest resistance genes in plants, the host is the plant and the bacterium is the vector for carrying the desired gene.

So, transforming plants is not an implication of bacterial transformation. It implies transformation of plant cells.

Answer 2:

For transformation to take place, the bacterial cells need to be in the state of competence in which they are capable of receiving the genetic material from the environment.

In artificial transformation, to facilitate entry of the genetic material in the host cell, the cells need to be made competent through certain procedures such as treatment with calcium chloride.

Answer 3:

The transformed bacterial cells carrying the pGLO plasmid can grow on media containing ampicillin. The plasmid has -lactamase gene which provides the capacity to degrade certain antibiotics such ampicillin. But the cells lacking the plasmid will be susceptible to the antibiotic and will not be able to thrive in media containing the antibiotic.