Discuss the difference in roles of the apo Al and apo B100 p

Discuss the difference in roles of the apo A-l and apo B100 proteins (apo A and apo B_+ in general as we have discussed in class). What is the process of \'reverse cholesterol transport\' and how is it mediated? What are the some of the important molecular players this process? We learned that the drugs known as \'fibrates\' lower the metabolic level of triglycerides, but how might they also be responsible for modestly raising HDL levels? Describe possible mechanisms. Concisely, how may HDL metabolism and the onset of type-II diabetes he correlated? What\'s the evidence?

Solution

1.apo-A1:

Apolipoprotein A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene. It has a specific role in lipid metabolism. Apo A1 is the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The protein, as a component of HDL particles, enables efflux of fat molecules by accepting fats from within cells for transport (in the water outside cells) elsewhere, including back to LDL particles or to the liver for excretion.

Deficiency of apo A1 is associated with HDL deficiencies, including Tangier disease and systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis.

apo-B100:

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene. Apo B is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low density lipoprotein (LDL).

High levels of ApoB, is especially associated with the higher LDL particle concentrations, are the primary driver of plaques that cause vascular disease.