Microbiology BIO205 Study Guide Chapters 6 7 8 9 Define and

Microbiology

BIO205 Study Guide (Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9)
Define and give example of the following words –
restrictive enzymes
self-replicating DNA
binary fission
clone
vector
codon
anticodon
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase
biotechnology
halophile
conjugation
transduction
transformation
mutation
repressible enzyme
inducible enzyme
promoter
operator
corepressor
transcription
translation
biofilms
zone of inhibition
gene
bactericide
sterilization
surgical hand scrubs
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
osmotic pressure
facultative anaerobe
obligate anaerobe
obligate aerobe
microaerophile
aerotolerant anaerobe
genotype
phenotype
psychrotrophs
mesophiles
thermophiles
bioinformatics
shuttle vector
plasmid
recombinant DNA
chemoautotroph
photoautotroph
chemoheterotroph
photoheterotroph
denature
bacterial growth
gene therapy
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
fermentation
bacterial growth curve
differential media vs selective
Ames test

Solution

Define and give example of the following words –
Part-a: restrictive enzymes

Recognition sequences are the sites where \"restriction endonucleases\" digest to cut in the DNA

Restriction endonucleases are molecular scissors and they can recognize & cut DNA with a \"specific sequence\" of 4 to 7 nucleotides finally useful for Site-specific recombination. For example, EcoRI

Part-b: self-replicating DNA

The behavior of cellular DNA is in chromosomes that generate an identical copy of DNA using specific internal DNA generating polymerases via semiconservative replication. For example, DNA in biological cells of bacterial cells or plasmid DNA
Part-c: binary fission

The generation of identical cells in unicellular eukaryotes by asexual reproductive division with karyokinesis and cytokinesis example, paramecium

Part-d: clone

The generation multiple identical copies of gene constructs using a vector in a host cells through repeated cell divisions and recombinant DNA technology; example, generation plasmid DNA clones