Ive choosen an articleand answer these question as I list Th

I\'ve choosen an article,and answer these question as I list. This is my article

Smoking and Pregnancy
A Statistical Study of 5,659 Patients
GEORGE C. DOWNING, M.D., AND WILLIAM E. CHAPMAN, M.D. Palo Alto
* The outcome of 5,659 pregnancies was recorded over a period of six years. The group was divided into 2,630 smokers and 3,029 non-smokers. Smoking was associated with increased incidence of premature babies, but not increased infant mortality. This study confirms the findings of other investigators.

THE PRESENT CONCERN about the effects of tobacco-smoking upon health seems to warrant publishing our own observations on the effect of smoking on pregnancy.

During a six-year period between 1952 and 1958, 5,659 obstetrical patients at the Palo Alto Medical Clinic were classified as smokers or non-smokers. The final outcome of each pregnancy was noted and the results are shown in Table 1.

These results show that maternal smoking is associated with premature delivery at a statistically significant level, but does not affect the infant mortality. Smoking did not increase the incidence of spontaneous abortion in this study. However, it is noted that many abortions occurred before the women registered for prenatal care. Unfortunately these could not be included.

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Palo Alto Medical Clinic, 300 Homer Avenue, Palo Alto, and Department of Medical Electronics, Palo Alto Medical Research Foundation, 860 Bryant Street, Palo Alto. Submitted 7 September 1965.Palo Alto Medical Clinic, 300 Homer Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94301 (Downing).

TABLE 1.-Outcome in 5,659 Pregnancies
Smokers Non-Smokers Total Chi SignifliTotal 2,630 3,029 5,659 Square cance
Abortion.............................. .....107 Premature....................... 88 Survived........... 71 Stillborn.......................... 12 Neonatal death .5------. Full Term Stillborn 12 Neonatal death --------------------------
Total fetal mortality...................... 136
CALIFORNIA MEDICINE 187

A statistical summary of the article: basing on the article, please answer these questions as below

1) What is the author\'s hypothesis? Identify the IV, DV and UA.          

2) What types of statistical tools does the author use? (i.e., mean, standard deviation, range, tests of significance, etc.) BE SPECIFIC - mention all you think may have been included in the analysis.

3) Does the author use descriptive and/or inferential statistics? Explain.

4) How was the data collected? Was it from a survey, census information, etc.?

5) Provide a summary of the content of the article.

6) Does the use of statistics help the author\'s message? Why?

Solution

Author hypothesis is that maternal smoking is associated with premature delivery at a statistically significant level, but does not affect the infant mortality.

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2) Chi square test, expected value, observed value, mean

3) Descriptive statistics. As actual data is collected.

4) Data as collected from a survey

5) Yes. Statistics help to find chisquare and check whether hypothesis is right or not