What is the maximum peak output voltage that can be obtained

What is the maximum peak output voltage that can be obtained from a BJT inverter operating from a single supply voltage? What is the absolute minimum voltage? Under what design conditions can this minimum voltage be achieved?

Solution

Peak voltage can be achieved as Supply Voltage (VDD) when BJT is in OFF condition i.e. VBE < 0.7v

Minimum voltage can be achieved as VCE (Saturation) when IC > (Beat)(IB) i.e. BJT in Saturation region.