G Hwa3 transcripttranslate Google Chrome c D eztomheducation

G Hwa3 transcript/translate Google Chrome c D ezto.mheducation.com/hm.px Match the observation on the left with the hypothesis that it supports. Artificial RNAs and mRNAs from T4 \"Stop\" codons exist that mutants containing certain codons terminate translation. produced shorter polypeptides and proteins than messages not containing those codons. Artificial messages with dinerent An intermediate messenger base sequences gave rise to exists between different proteins in an in vitro DNA and protein. translation system. Protein synthesis occurs in the The amino acid sequence of cytoplasm, while DNA resides in the a protein depends on the nucleus base sequence of an mRNA. One or two base deletions (or insertions) in a gene disrupt its function; three base deletions (or insertions) are often The genetic code compatible with function. is nonoverlapping. Two mutations affecting the same amino acid can recombine to give The genetic code is based on wild type. triplets of bases. Single base substitutions affect only one amino acid in the protein chain The codon is made up of more than one nucleotide. Reset References The relationship between the DNA Labeling code and proteins.

Solution

The hypotheses and the correct matches can be found as below with explanations in parentheses:

1. Artificial mRNA and tRNA from T4 mutant from certain codons produce shorter polypeptides than messges which do not contain these codons

Match: \"Stop\" codon exist that stop translation. (The stop codons, UAA, UGA and UAG do not encode for any protien and terminate the growing polypeptide chain. These are called termination codons)

2. Artifical messages with different base sequences give rise to different proteins in in vitro system

Match: The amino acid sequence of a protein depends upon the sequence of its mRNA. (using different sequences of mRNA, different protein sequences can be generated. This holds particularly true for prokaryotic systems where no mRNA splicing and post-translational modifications take place)

3. Protein synthesis takes place in cytoplasm, whereas DNA resides in the nucleus

Match:An intermediate messanger existe between DNA and Protein synthesis. (the process of DNA replication takes place in nucleus, transcription or transfer of DNA sequence to mRNA takes place in the nucleus. This mRNA travels to cytoplasm, reaches the ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum where translation takes place)

4. One or two base deletion/insertion disrupts its function, three base pair deletions are often comptible with function

Match: The genetic code is made up of triplet of codons. (many of the triplet codon encode for the same amino acid. This suggests that even a single or double base deletion or insertion might not change the amino acid sequence in the translational product. Only a three base pair deletion can lead to functional changes in translational products)

5. Two mutations affecting the same amino acid can recombine to give wild type

Match: The codon is made up of more than one nucleotide. (since more than one amino acids can be encoded by a set of triplet codons, two mutations which affect the same amino acid can often combine in an organism to give rise to a wild type feature by increasing or modifying the translational product)

6. Single base substitutions affect only one amino acid of a protein

Match: The genetic code is non-overlapping. (the genetic code is non-overlapping in nature which means that none of the nucleotides is read again if it has been once read in the triplet. In such cases, even a single base pair substitution can be deleterious or detrimental for encoding a protein sequence. An example includes single base pair substitution in beta chain of amino acid encoding for hemoglobin chain resulting in sickle cell anemia in humans. )