Cancer and Stress Hormones Thoroughly answer the following q

Cancer and Stress Hormones

Thoroughly answer the following questions:

Which of the following would be a preferable pathology report for a newly diagnosed cancer patient - one that identifies a well-differentiated or poorly-differentiated cancer cell. Discuss why one is better than the other.

Explain what physiological actions catecholamines and cortisol have in common and in what ways they differ in their actions. How is each involved in pathogenic stress reactions?

This is a Pathophysiology course question.

Solution

Ans.)

The preferable pathology report for a newly diagnosed cancer patient has the well-differentiated cancer cell. As the cancer cell are continuously proliferating at this stage.

Epinephrine enhance the glucose levels that eventually a hyperglycemic effect. This is done directly through stimulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver by activation of and receptors of the hepatocytes respectively. It also increase the hyperglycemic effects through inhibition of the insulin mediated glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue by blocking the GLUT4 transporters.

Catecholamines has also affect the cardiovascular system by controlling the activity of the heart and blood vessels. The catecholamines increase all four effects of heart activity. Under stressful conditions, cortisol provides the body with glucose by triggering the protein stores via gluconeogenesis in the liver. This energy can help the individual fight or flee a stressor. However, increased level of cortisol over for longer time consistently produces glucose which leads to increased blood sugar levels. Cortisol prepares the body for a fight-or-flight response by flooding it with glucose and supplying an immediate energy source to large muscles. It also reduces the insulin production to prevent glucose from being stored which favors its immediate use.

Cortisol narrows the arteries whereas the epinephrine enhances the heart rate, eventually both of which force blood to pump harder and faster. The individual addresses and resolves the situation. Both the above mentioned harmones are involved in fight or flight response and proved glucose.