Cancerdetecting dogs A study was designed to determine wheth

Cancer-detecting dogs. A study was designed to determine whether dogs can be trained to identify urine specimens from individuals with bladder cancer. Dogs were first trained to discriminate between urine specimens from patients with bladder cancer and urine specimens from patients with other conditions.

Solution

a)

Ho: p = 1/7
Ha: p > 1/7

b)

Formulating the null and alternatuve hypotheses,          
          
Ho:   p   <=   0.142857143
Ha:   p   >   0.142857143
As we see, the hypothesized po =   0.142857143      
Getting the point estimate of p, p^,          
          
p^ = x / n =    0.407407407      
          
Getting the standard error of p^, sp,          
          
sp = sqrt[po (1 - po)/n] =    0.047619048      
          
Getting the z statistic,          
          
z = (p^ - po)/sp =    5.555555556      
          
As this is a    1   tailed test, then, getting the p value,  
          
p =    1.38365*10^-8   [ANSWER, P VALUE]  

As this is a very low P value, then we Reject Ho.

Thus, there is significant evidence that the training increased the probability that a dog can determine the urine sample of those with bladder cancer. [CONCLUSION]