Neutral evolution is a consequence of different mechanistic

Neutral evolution is a consequence of different mechanistic processes that cause evolutionary change. What is the consequence of these different processes? Use the terms genotype, phenotype and fitness in your answer.

Solution

Neutral evolution is the process i which the neutral mutations though result in alteration of genotype but does not alter the phenotype of the organism. In natural selection the organisms must be “fit” to adapt to the total environment in which it lives. The entire phenotype is influenced by the natural selection and this process might take a very long period of time. The alleles with deleterious effects may be eliminated from large populations during the course of evolution. This is due to fitness of alleles into the population. fitness is the phenomenon by which the trait is passed from one generation to other and enable the organisms to survive better ad reproduce fertile offspring.

Interaction between individuals with physical and biological environments is mostly influenced by natural selection. The adaptations resulted from the natural selection can be directly correlated to the environmental factors. The differences in the appearance of individuals may or may not have the genetic basis but they arise directly because of environmental conditions.

Natural environment can be any environment that restricts all traits or characteristics replicating in the large scale. This can be explained as some traits are continued in the population and others are filtered consistently eliminating the undesirable traits still continuing the evolution. In the present conditions the traits may be different but are not eliminated successfully which is useful to save every individual. Hence, some genes are passed to the next generations and some do not. The amount of characteristics to be passed depends on time and the evolution.

A low gene pool with minimal variation can have minimum phenotypic variation. The changes in the environment in which the species live, would have less chances to get adapted and the survival rate may become low and producing fertile offspring may also become low. A large gene pool may have large variations and different phenotypes may have increased chances of adapting the changes in the environment and survive and produce fertile offspring. Hence, large gene pools have better advantages than the small gene pools with minimum variation. The small gene pools with minimum variation have dangers like extinction of species.