Scientific Method Project In a 2page maximum type written pa

Scientific Method Project

In a 2-page maximum type written paper, complete research on a topic of question from the readings. Utilizing the scientific method, document the application of the steps in determining your hypothesis and findings. Each step is worth up to 20 points (20 points provides thorough examples and explanation, 10 points minimal examples and explanation, 0 points not complete).Step 3: Formulate Valid Test Criteria and Ideas

Consider how you would test your hypothesis. Remember, the test must allow for showing the hypothesis to be right or wrong. Formulate a test idea using the following information

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Observation 1:

Observation 2: Observation 1: Common cold is caused by bacterial or viral infection and transmitted from one person to other through droplets from infected person. The person infected with common cold show protect his nose or mouth with steril mask, which covers mouth and nose. If nose or mouth is not covered by mask, droplets can transmit common cold to many people in surrounding environment.

Observation 2: Common cold is widely transmitted very easily, if a person infected with common cold and he sneezes in public places which is having high population, several thousands of droplets can be transported through air at onetime, when person sneezes, so avoid moving in public places when common cold is rampant in specific area.

Observation 3: Doctors who examine the persons suffering with common cold should be careful, the physician should use antibiotics or vaccines to prevent common cold infection.

Hypothesis: Common cold is a viral infectious disease which can be transmistted from one person to another on sneezing.It can be prevented by taking antibiotics and vaccines by the physicians while check-up.

Step 3: Formulate Valid Test Criteria and Ideas

Consider how you would test your hypothesis. Remember, the test must allow for showing the hypothesis to be right or wrong. Formulate a test idea

Solution

Definition:

Scientists use their knowledge of past events to general principle or explanation to help predict future events. The general principle is called a hypothesis.

Scientific Method

Thee scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomene, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scienctific, a method of inquiry is commonly based o empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.The Oxford Dictionaries Online define the scientific method as \"amethod or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurements, experiment, and formulation, testing and modification of hypothesis\". Experiments need to be desinged to test hypotheses. The most important part of the scientific method is the experiment. The scientific method is a continuous process, which usually begins with observations about the natural world. Human beings are naturally inquisitive, so they often come up with questions about thinks they see or hear and often develop ideas(hypotheses) about why things are the way they are. The best hypotheses lead to predictions that can be testing in various ways, including making further observations about nature. In general, the strongest test of hypotheses come from carefully controlled and replicated experiments that gather empirical data Depending on how well the test match the prediction, the original hypothesis may require refinement, alteration, experansion or even rejection. If a particular hypothesis become very well supported a general theory may be developed. Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, identifiable features are frequently shared in common between them. The overall process of the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypotheses) deriving predictions from them as logical consequences, and tham carrying out experiments based on those predictions A hypothesis is a conjecture, based on knowledge obtained while formulating the question. The hypotheses might be very specific or it might be broad. Scientists then test hypotheses by conducting experiments. Under moder interpretation, a scientific hypothesis muse be falsifible, implying that it is possible to identify a possible outcome of an experiment that conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis, otherwise the hypothesis cannot be meaningfully tested The purpose of an experiment is to determine whether onservation agree with or conflict with the predictions derived from a hypothesis. Experiments can take place anywhere from a college lab to CERN\'s Large Hardron Collider. There are difficulties in a formulatic statement of method,however. Though the scientific method is often presented ass a fixed sequence of steps, it represents rather a set general priciples. Not all steps take place in every scientific inquiry and are not always in the same order. Some philosophers and scientists have argued that there is no scientific method, such as Lee Smolin and Paul Feyerabend. Nola and Sankey remark that \" for some, the whole idea of a theory of scientific method is yester- year\'s debate\".

Process of hypotheses

The overall process involves making hypotheses (conjectures), deriving predictions from them as logical consequences, and them carrying out experiments based on those predictions to determine whether the original conjecture was correct. There are difficulties in a formulaic statement of method, however. Though the scientific method is often presented as a fixed sequence of steps, they are better considered as general principles. Not all steps take place in every scientific inquiry and are not always in the same order. As noted by William whewell(1794-1866), \"invention, sagacity, and genius\" are required at every step.

Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a conjecture, based on knowledge obtained while formulating the question, that may explain the observed behavior of a part of our universe. The hypothesis might be very specific, e.g., Einstein\'s equivalence principle or Francis Crick\'s \"DNA makes RNA makes protein\", or it might be broad, e.g., unknown species of life dwell in the unexplored depths of the oceans. A statistical hypothesis is a conjecture about some population.For example, the population might be people with a particular disease. The conjecture might be that a new drug will cure the disease in some of those people. Terms commonly associated with statistical hypotheses are null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.A null hypothesis is the conjecture that the statistical hypothesis is false, e.g., that the new drug does nothing and that any cures are due to chance effects. Researchers normally want to show that the null hypothesis is false.The alternative hypothesis is the desired outcome, e.g., that the drug dose better than chance. A final point: a scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable, meaning that one can identify a possible outcome of an experiment that conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis; otherwise, it cannot be meaningfully tested.