Why do we need to use cells from animals like mice and goats

Why do we need to use cells from animals like mice and goats to express recombinant DNA to produce human proteins instead of using bacterial cells? Even though genetically modified crops (GM) have many important improvements compared to regular crops, why is there still controversy? What is the potential danger that comes with GM crops that is mentioned in the textbook? The experiment described in the huffingtonpost.com article tested the hypothesis that consuming artificial sweetener could cause glucose intolerance and eventually cause obesity. But there is a bias in this hypothesis. People that often consume artificial sweetener might already be prone to obesity with glucose intolerance, and hence the researcher cannot really prove whether the glucose intolerance was due to the sweetener (a \"chicken-or-egg-first\" situation). Read the article and answer: how did the researchers set up the experiment to avoid this bias, and therefore successfully tested the hypothesis? Based on the Huffpost article and what we talked about in class, use your own words to explain the mechanisms why drinking diet soda may cause obesity.

Solution

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Eukaryotic proteins are undergo post-translational modification such as addition/cleavage of signal peptide, oxidation and folding which are essential for their functions. Prokaryotic cells such as bacteria does not have machinery for post-translational modification, hence if the eukaryotic protein when form will be non functional proteins.

This is the reason why the human proteins are expressed in goats or mice.