Gene X is transcribed in two different cell types at the sam

Gene X is transcribed in two different cell types at the same rate. However, different levels of the X protein product are observed in these two cell types. Suggest two mechanisms of gene regulation that could account for these different levels of protein X accumulation.

PLEASE answer this question COMPLETELY and I\'ll be sure to leave five star feedback!

Solution

The concentration of protein in the cell depends on several regulatory points which delicately balance gene expression. These points are:

1. Transcription

2. Post-transcriptional modification

3. Messenger RNA degradation

4. Translation

5. Post-translational modification

6. Protein targeting and transport

7. Protein degradation

Much of the gene regulation affecting gene expression occurs at the level of transcription initiation through proteins called regulatory proteins.

Cells can also regulate gene expression after transcription has begun. We are going to study 2 such regulatory mechanisms in detail:

Riboswitches: Small regulatory RNA can affect their own translation and transcription. These upon binding to metabolites result in conformation changes resulting in regulation of gene expression.

The region of RNA not translated, can also affect further translation.

MicroRNA: These are noncoding RNA which is present in plants and animals. In humans, they regulate the expression of one-third of protein-coding genes. These miRNA specifically Bind/base pairs with RNA, regulating their translation and stability.