The skeletal system is made up of cartilage and bone. Both bone and cartilage are connective tissues, that is, they are composed of cells in a matrix with intracellular fibers. Just imagine connective tissue as a gelatin salad with grapes and coconut. The grapes would represent cells, the gelatin the support material for matrix, and the pieces of coconut the intracellular fibers. By changing the amounts of each ingredient and adding extra substances, we can produce a material that is very hard like bone and can withstand weight or softer like cartilage which can be used as a cushioning material. In this exercise, we will examine a fresh raw chicken bone to study bone structure. Carefully remove the skin and muscles from the bone as you do this. note the way that muscles are attached. Split the bone lengthwise. Examine the bone and locate the following structures: Tendon Examine the attachment of the muscles to bone. In most cases, the long ropelike attachment is a tendon and is composed of dense regular connective tissue. Periosteum This thin membrane covers the outside of the bone. Articular cartilage Note this thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis. Marrow cavity This hollow cavity in the diaphysis of the bone is lines with a thin membrane called the endosteum. Spongy bone This type of bone is located in the ends or epiplyses of the bone and appears to be open with small spicules or bars. Compact bone Makes up the shaft or diaplysis of the bone. How does spongy bone differ from compact bone? What differences did you see in the appearance of the spongy bone and compact bone? What color was the spongy bone? How does cartilage differ from bone? How did each one feel when pierced with the knife? How did the periosteum and endosteam differ in thickness? Was the bone marrow yellow, red, green or blue? What type of cartilage makes up the articular cartilage? How did the articular cartilage differ in appearance from the spongy bone? What color was the tendon? What substance gives it strength? How did the raw bone differ in appearance from the baked bone in the other experiment?
1) Spongy bone differs from compact bone in being located towards the ends of the bone aka epiphysis wheres compact bone makes up the entire bone aka diaphysis. Spongy bone is more porous as compared to the compact bone which is more rigid in nature.
2) Cartilage differs from bone in its make up. A cartilage is a tissue like padding made up of smooth elastic tissues which generally lies on the top of the bone as a padding in order to protect the same. Bone is a rigid organ used to support the entire vertebrate. A connective tissue hardened by the presence of various salts, mostly calcium.
3) Periosteum is a thin layer but compared to endosteum, it has greater thickness. Endosteum lies in the inner most layer and is composed of only one cell layer whereas, periosteum, which lies in the outer layer has two sub divided layers in itself, the outer and the inner layer, thus contributing to its thickness.
4) The bone marrow was red in color.
5) Hyaline cartilage makes up the articular cartilage.
6) Cartilages are made up of smooth elastic tissues. The articular cartilage appears as a padding on the top of the bone whereas the spongy bone appears porous bone like structure, which looks way more rigid than the articular cartilage.
7) The tendon was pink in color. Its strength is given by collagen fibers.
8)
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