A machine design which violates the 2nd Law of Thermodynamic

A machine design which violates the 2^nd Law of Thermodynamics is called a_____. A reversible Carnot cycle engine is more efficient than a reversible Otto engine because it exchanges heat with zero delta T. The 2nd law statement that requires a heat engine to reject heat to a low temperature reservoir is called the______________. The temperature of Helium passing through a throttling valve would be expected to (increase, remain the same, decrease). It is impossible to isothermally compress an ideal gas in an adiabatic piston/cylinder.

Solution

A) perpetual motion machine

B) true, because carnot cycle is an idol cycle.. its have higher effieciency than any cycle

C) Kelvin–Planck statement states that sink is required for low temperature heat rejection reservoir

D) yes it will increase

(Helium and hydrogen are two gases whose Joule–Thomson inversion temperatures at a pressure of one atmosphere are very low (e.g., about 51 K (222 °C) for helium). Thus, helium and hydrogen warm up when expanded at constant enthalpy at typical room temperatures. )

E) FALSE (In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process or an isocaloric process is a thermodynamic process in which the net heat transfer to or from the working fluid is zero.

Isothermal means the temperature is constant.

So, you want to compress a gas, and heat energy transfers out of the devise, and the temperature remains constant.
To compress the gas inside the cylinder, a force must cause the piston to move into the cylinder. As the head of the piston collides with the molecules of the gas, momentum and kinetic energy is transferred from the piston to the molecules of the gas. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the molecules. So, the temperature of the gas must increase.

If the kinetic energy of the molecules of the gas can be transferred to the molecules of the cylinder and then to the environment; the temperature of the molecules of the gas can decrease.

Since the process is adiabatic, no “heat” energy can transfer in or out of the system. So,this cannot happen!

Is it possible to compress an ideal gas isothermally in an adiabatic piston cylinder device? NO)