I Relate the following phenomena concepts events etc to one

I. Relate the following phenomena, concepts, events, etc. to one another:

1. degeneracy

2. missense mutations

3. nonsense mutations

4. a world with 20 different amino acids

5. a genetic code with triplet code words using four different bases (A, C, G, T)

6. partial loss of function mutations

7. silent mutations

8. a non-overlapping genetic code

9. complete loss of function mutations

NOTE: Relate these items to one another, briefly and succinctly in one or two coherent paragraphs. Be specific; do not use vague generalities. Identify all relationships, not just the most obvious ones. Do not simply define each term and do not write a separate paragraph about each item.

Solution

1. degeneracy : Genetic code is degenerate that means several codons of the genetic code have the same meaning.

2. missense mutations : A point mutation resulting change of single nucleotide and change in one amino acid but produces a partial loss of functional protein.

3. nonsense mutations : In this mutation, the codon is changed to stop codon and the protein synthesis is terminated.

4. a world with 20 different amino acids : The genetic code is specific that means each codon specifically codes for an amino acid. All together 64 triplet codes code for 20 amino acids totally. Codon is a triplet base sequence of mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

5. a genetic code with triplet code words using four different bases (A, C, G, T) : The mRNA contains four bases – G, C, A and U. A triplet base sequence is required to code a specific amino acid.

6. partial loss of function mutations: Occurs due to a missense mutations. It is a point mutation resulting change of single nucleotide and change in one amino acid but produces a partial loss of functional protein.

7. silent mutations: Silent mutations occur in non coding or coding region with altered base producing a codon coding for same amino acid. It results in a functional protein.

8. a non-overlapping genetic code: The genetic code is nonoverlapping that means it is continuous and not separated by any punctuation marks so as the mRNA reads it as continuous coding sequence.

9. complete loss of function mutations: nonsense mutations in which the codon is changed to stop codon and the protein synthesis is terminated.

The DNA and RNA contain 4 different types of nucleotide bases which constitute the genetic code for the amino acids. Genetic code can be defined as the coding dictionary that specifies the meaning of each base sequence occurring in mRNA to code for a specific amino acid.

Mutations are sudden heritable changes th at result partial or full loss of function of protein due to silent, missense nd nonsense mutations. A point mutation resulting change of single nucleotide and change in one amino acid but produces a partial loss of functional protein. In this mutation, the codon is changed to stop codon and the protein synthesis is terminated. Silent mutations occur in non coding or coding region with altered base producing a codon coding for same amino acid. It results in a functional protein.