Please Explain completely how increased cardiac afterload wo

Please Explain completely how increased cardiac afterload would affect stroke volume or end-systolic volume.

Solution

Stroke work in the cardiac cycle is defined as the considerable area under ventricular pressure-volume curve in relation to both preload and afterload. According to the ventricular pressure-volume loop, an increase in afterload produces an increase in end-systolic volume. The reason behind this is as the load increase causes ventricle shortening a bit lower. As per end-systolic pressure volume loop, ionotropic effect will be produced with the epinephrine action thereby ventricle shorten further totally due to rise in afterload finally result in steeper slope in end-systolic pressure volume loop.