Many of the structural features studied in this laboratory e

Many of the structural features studied in this laboratory evolved in response to the environmental challenges of the terrestrial habitat. Complete Table 19.3 naming the cells, tissues, and organs that have allowed vascular plants to adapt to each environmental factor.

Table 12.3 – Adaptations of Plant Cells and Structures to the Land Environment

Solution

ANS:

Environmental Factor and Adaptations to Land Environment:

1. Desiccation: Endodermis, stomata and cuticle (prevents water loss).

        Cuticle & stomata are formed to protect against dehydration.

2. Transport of materials between plant and environment: Vascular Tissue, Endodermis and stomata.

     Vascular nutrient movement is developed rather than passive diffusion.

3. Gas exchange: increased stomata density allowed plants to better rate of transpiration

4. Anchorage in substrate: substrate roots (taproot, fibrous) and tap roots.

5. Transport of materials within plant body: Vascular tissue (Phloem and stomata).

     Vascular tissue transports nutrients throughout a plant, such transport may occur over long distances.

6. Structural support in response to gravity: Dermal tissue and collenchyma

7. Sexual reproduction without water: Seeds

      Seed contains structures such as cones (gymno sperm) and flowers (angiosperms)

8. Dispersal of offspring from immobile plant: Seed adaptations (wings), Flowers (pollination).