What proteins aid in the recognition of the promoter sequenc

What proteins aid in the recognition of the promoter sequence and binding of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes?

Solution

: Transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA from DNA in the presence of RNA polymerase inside the nucleus. Transcription is initiated by the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II in eukaryotic cell nucleus where promoter region (GC rich region, TATA box) of DNA is located. Promoters are base pair sequences of DNA that potentially enable binding of RNA polymerase II to initiate transcription by unzipping the DNA for protein synthesis.

During promoter clearance transcription factor IIH (TF IIH) binds with the RNA polymerase II and also with general transcription factor proteins along with kinases. This process finally results in phosphorylation of serine5 and changes the general transcription factor protein interactions result in DNA-RNA hybrid copy.

Transcription factors such as TFIIDs are proteins aid in the recognition of the promoter sequence and binding of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes

TATA-binding Protein (TBP): TATA-less promoters promotes transcription by promoting RNA polymerase type II using other factors such as nuclear proteins Transcription factor TFIIA during the transcription of DNA. Pre-initiation complex formed by TBP in the eukaryotic DNA (A- T rich TATA box absent) 35 nitrogen bases upstream followed by DNA melting due to formation of negatively charged bonding with DNA backbone using arginine and lysine amino acid residues of TBP. In this manner DNA –TBP protein interaction promotes transcription-using type II RNA polymerase using other transcription factors such as SL1, TFIIB, TFIIC, and TFIID. These factors mainly control the gene expression through the process of transcription when generating messenger RNA in the presence of RNA polymerase. The binding site of RNAP also controls the amount of transcription.