explain the feedback loops for thyroid and testosterone regu

explain the feedback loops for thyroid and testosterone regulation. Explain how negative feedback works to control production of each hormone type.

Solution

Gonadotrophin releaseing hormone (GnRH) formally released from GnRH neurons located within the hypothalamus. This hormone travels through hypophyseal portal system and stimulates adenohypophysis of pituitary gland to release gonadotrophins such as, androgen release (testosterone synthesis hormones)

The interstitial cells or the “Leydig cells” are present in the spaces between the adjacent semniferous tubules. These cells secrete the testosterone hormone, which is the major male reproductive hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males at puberty. Testosterone is essential for sperm production and maturation.

Higher sperm production will be observed if testosterone receptors of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus could not bind to testosterone due to imbalance in \"negative feedback mechanism\"

The negative feedback mechanism regulates testosterone production by observing the testosterone levels raise, they bind to the hypothalamus and decrease the release of GnRH (negative feedback loop). If testosterone is going to bind to hypothalamus, the negative feedback loop not operate and the synthesis of testosterone decreases

Stimulus due to activity of high testosterone: It produced on effector cells of hypothalamus and this variable be regulated

Nuclear receptor activity: The stimulus activates receptors such as nuclear receptors to trigger low gene expression

Input via afferent nerves: Information passes through afferent nerves to the control center

Output via efferent nerves: Output effect produce by the control center via efferent pathway

Response: Finally, response in the form of negative produced via cellular organs

Negative feedback regulation -thyroid

Positive feedback regulation: When circulation thyroid hormone is low----> hypothalamus activation ----> Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) ---->stimulates anterior pituitary to release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) ----> thyroxine T4 release into the hypophyseal portal blood vessel

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone normally produced by the hypothalamus of the brain and acts on the anterior pituitary cell nuclear receptors to stimulate the increased release of thyroxine stimulating hormone (TSH) to act on thyroid gland located at the neck region internally. This TSH stimulates thyroid cell nuclear receptors to maintain homeostasis.

Negative feedback regulation -thyroid:

When circulation thyroid hormone is high----> hypothalamus activation (ste point stimulus) ----> Low thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) ----> stimulates anterior pituitary to reduce the release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) ----> low levels of thyroxine T4 release into the hypophyseal portal blood vessel

Stimulus due to activity of high thyroxine from thyroid gland: It produced on effector cells of hypothalamus and this variable be regulated

Nuclear receptor activity: The stimulus activates receptors such as nuclear receptors to trigger low gene expression

Input via afferent nerves: Information passes through afferent nerves to the control center

Output via efferent nerves: Output effect produce by the control center via efferent pathway

Response: Finally, response in the form of negative produced via cellular organs