Explain the action of a typical bacteriophage attack Discuss

Explain the action of a typical bacteriophage attack. Discuss five significant families of viruses and the diseases they cause. Describe the structure of priors, and name several diseases caused by priors. Define viroids, and identify several diseases caused by viroids.

Solution

1. bacteriophages are the are viruses that attack bacteria. when the virus uses its tail fibres to attach itself to its victim   their aim is always the same: to get their genetic material, which is located in the head, inside the bacterium. T4, a well-studied phage infecting the Escherica coli bacterium, then contracts its tail sheath which pushes a tube located within the tail through the membrane of the bacterial cell. The phage’s DNA is passed through the tube into the cell, where it takes control, brutally stops many of its vital functions and forces it to churn out new virus components – heads, tails, tail fibres – in production-line style. Then comes the final assembly. Finally, enzymes dissolve the wall of the bacterium from the inside and the newborn bacteriophages reach the exterior, ready to attack new victims .

2. adeno viridae -

papovaviridae -

parvoviridae-

herpesviridae - herpes

poxviridae- smallpox

hepadnaviridae- hepatitis virus

3. Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known. They are solely composed of a short strand of circular, single-stranded, RNA without protein coat. they mostly infect plants . example. potato spindle tuber disease.