does embryological development support the theory of evoluti

does embryological development support the theory of evolution? What structure or structures we have today that might one day be considered protein clock theory and why is it important in establishing ancestry? and contrast artificial selection and natural selection.

Solution

orthologous structures: When two structures in two different organisms have a common ancestor but there were significant changes in the physical features and the functions they perform after an event(continental drift) like ecological isolation.

2. The study of embryos of various organisms is known as embryology.A comparative embryology is of great help in understanding evolution which states all the organisms originated from a single ancestor and over the time got separated into many species.The results show the embryos of chick, monkey, pig, dog, cat and human all start out with a similar structure but as they grow further their features diverge confirming that all share a common ancestor.

3.vestigial organs are the ones which served certain function in the ancestors of the organisms but over the course of time, based on the changes in the environment or the features of the individual the structures are no more significant.But these structures still appear in a diminished form in the descendants.E.g. appendix in humans,coccyx the tail bone,

I suggest because of the change in the diet of the modern man towards highly cooked ,soft dishes there is not much grinding work and take less time to digest and absorb this type of food so the last molars might become vestigial and the long small intestine might shrink in length one day.

4. Protein clock theory or molecular clock, as the name suggest it is a method to estimate to which period a particular species belong by looking at the rate or speed at which the well known or common proteins in related organisms that mutate over the generations.To put it in a better way lets say there are two organisms A & B and have hemoglobin protein as their oxygen transport protein but with few changes in the amino acids.If one wants to find out if these share a common ancestor they need to look at original and native hemoglobin structure and take into account how many mutations occurred and according to the theory, the number of mutations is proportional to the length of time.The older the species the more are the mutations and one would guess which one belongs to which period.

5. Natural selection is the selection of individuals which possess desirable or dominant characters which stand the test of time by the mother nature.e.g, the deers which could run faster survived than the ones which were slow and fell prey to their predator.So due to the selection pressure only the fittest survives in the nature.

Whereas in the artificial selection the individuals with features which might not be the best for their survival but they are desirable to the humans are selected and bred and since this involves human intervention it is called artificial selection.E.g, the hybrids in dogs for their cuter features, often these dogs cannot reproduce anturally. another would be mule where a horse and donkey are brough together to produce a mule which is more strong but often sterile.