What was Hutchinsons solution to the paradox of the plankton

What was Hutchinson\'s solution to the \"paradox of the plankton\"? Predation checked the superior competitor The coexisting species used different ratios of limiting resources Seasonal changes prevented any one species from competitively excluding the others Management of the zebra mussel is good for boats but bad for phytoplankton diversity All of the above were solutions given by Hutchinson

Solution

All of the above were solutions given by Hutchinson.

According to Hutchinson, paradox could be resolved by factors such as vertical gradients of light or turbulence, symbiosis or commensalism, differential predation, or constantly changing environmental conditions.
Hutchinson, G. E. (1961) The paradox of the plankton. American Naturalist 95, 137-145.