knot theory help 445 A subdivision mise Use the three criter

knot theory help!!!!

445 A subdivision, mise Use the three criteria to identify the surfaces Fgure 446 with board

Solution

DNA and Knot Theory:

DNA is the genetic material of all the cells, containing coded information about cellular processes and molecules. DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands twisted around each other in a double helix. The first step in cellular division is to replicate DNA so that copies can be distributed to daughter cells. Additionally, DNA is involved in transcribing proteins that direct cell growth and activities. However, DNA is tightly packed into genes and chromosomes. In order for replication or transcription to take place, DNA must first unpack itself so that it can interact with enzymes.

DNA packing can be visualized as two very long strands that have been interwined millions of times, tied into knots, and subjected to successive coiling. DNA can be visualized as a complicated knot that must be unknotted by enzymes for replication or transcription to occur. By thinking that DNA is a knot, we can determine how hard is to unknot the DNA using mathematical knot theory.

We can extend the principles of topology to DNA. The value of this method is that it gives researchers a quantitative measure for DNA packing, rather than a subjective description. In DNA packing and unpacking, an enzymatic reaction converts DNA strands to knots, linked strands, or a more orderly form. Knot theory can help scientists discover the mechanisms by which these enzymes work.