the three types of associations chance noncausal and causal

the three types of associations (chance, non-causal, and causal). Describe each giving an example of each .

Solution

Association refers to linkage among variables.

1.)Chance:It is a fake or false association due to bias.For example:increased coke intake and crime rate in a country.

2.)Casual:Cause and effect relation can be seen that is independent variable must cause change in independent variable. For example: sugar intake and high diabetes.

3.)No direct association between two variables.For example: alcohol use and smoking.