We are trying to determine the possible modes of inheritance

We are trying to determine the possible modes of inheritance for some particular human disorder. We have a very small pedigree for this disorder. Assuming the pedigree is accurate, indicate which of the six modes of inheritance are consistent with this pedigree:

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

autosomal recessive

x-linked recessive

autosomal dominant

x-linked dominant

Y linked

cytoplasmic

Solution

Autosomal recessive: Affected children born to the normal parents, affected progeny seen equally in the males & females, if there rare condition, most people in the population with an allele for disorder will be heterozygous, unless you have other evidence, people marrying into the family are assumed homozygous normal.

Autosomal dominant: Affected child has at least one has affected parent, affected male and female progeny are seen equally and the phenotype appears in every generation, for a rare condition, an affected individual will be heterozygous.

X- linked recessive : All afffected females fathers have to be afflicted, sons of afflicted females have to be affected, can have carrier females but cannot have carrier males, can skip a generation, an affected father does not passes it to his sons, all daughters of affected male are at least carriers, expect more males to be affected.

X- linked dominant: All daughters of an affected male inherit trait, progeny of an afflicted female expected 1/2 to inherit it.

y- linked : In this case there is only male to male transmission.

cytoplasmic: Maternal inheritance, in a pedigree, affects males and females equally, but only females pass it on to the next generation.

So on basis of this pedigree apply to this is Autosmal dominant and X-linked dominant.

So